The role of research in earthquake engineering is examined, particularly its contribution to reducing overall risk. Aspects of the built environment which are at risk are outlined, as an indication of worthwhile research areas. The importance of research in resolving the differing requirements of function, economy and safety is highlighted by reference to building design. Principal research areas in earthquake engineering are reviewed, and specific examples of the reduction of risk through research are given. The overall reduction in damage to buildings with reducing age is graphically illustrated. Nevertheless, there is a need to continue to design and build in accordance with accepted and properly researched methods, and to develop effective ways of using information which is available.